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Vaccinations

Injections that train the immune system to recognise specific diseases. Core (essential for all pets) and non-core (lifestyle-dependent) categories.

Vaccines protect against viral and bacterial diseases by exposing the immune system to a weakened or killed version of the pathogen. Most pets need a core vaccination series as puppies/kittens followed by lifelong boosters or titer-tested reviews.

Core dog vaccines: parvovirus, distemper, hepatitis/adenovirus, sometimes leptospirosis (lifestyle-dependent in some countries).
Core cat vaccines: feline herpesvirus, calicivirus, panleukopenia, sometimes FeLV.

Non-core / lifestyle: kennel cough (Bordetella, parainfluenza) for dogs that board or do daycare; rabies in endemic regions; FeLV for outdoor-access cats; lepto in areas with rats or rural exposure; FIV in some practices.

Schedules: typically puppies/kittens at 6–8, 10–12, 14–16 weeks; one-year booster; then 1–3 yearly per vaccine type. Many modern core vaccines provide 3+ years of immunity per booster — discuss titer-testing with your vet.

Side effects are usually mild — slight lethargy or soreness for 24 hours. Serious reactions are uncommon. Report any vomiting, facial swelling, or laboured breathing post-vaccination as urgent.

Related terms

  • Titer (titre) test — A blood test measuring existing antibody levels against a specific disease. Used to decide whether a vaccine booster is necessary.
  • Kennel cough (canine infectious tracheobronchitis) — Contagious respiratory illness in dogs caused by Bordetella, parainfluenza, and sometimes other pathogens. Like a "common cold" — usually self-limiting.